This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.

　　1.the language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in ___.

　　A.sound patterns

　　B.vocabularies

　　C.grammatical structures

　　D.both A and B

　　2.The author says that professional linguists recognize that ___.

　　A.Western languages are superior to Eastern languages

　　B.All languages came from grunts and groans

　　C.The hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand

　　D.There is no hierarchy of languages

　　3.The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found ___.

　　A.nowhere today

　　B.among the Australian aborigines

　　C.among Eastern cultures

　　D.among people speaking “backward” languages

　　4.According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have ___.

　　A.the potential for expanding vocabulary

　　B.their own sound patterns

　　C.an ability to transfer ideas

　　D.grammatical structures

　　5.Which of the following is implied but not articulated in the passage?

　　A.The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.

　　B.The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hierarchy among cultures.

　　C.The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.

　　D.The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.

　　答案：BDAAB

　　Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career of sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.

　　An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product—access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meagre in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read then literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize.

　　The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a “future endlessly deferred”.

　　The Estivalia advert is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to reality—Estivalia, which is “for daydream believers”, those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.

　　If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes in adequate to merely condemn advertising for channeling readers’ attention and desires towards an unrealistic, paradisiacal nowhere land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the utopia visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a casual connection.

　　1.The people in adverts are in most coves ___.

　　A.happy and glamorous

　　B.successful

　　C.obvious

　　D.both A and B

　　2.When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize the average consumer is not surprised, because ___.

　　A.The consumer is used to the fact that the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain.

　　B.Adverts are factual statements about reality.

　　C.The consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by adverts.

　　D.Adverts can make the consumer’s dreams come true.

　　3.What’s the bridge linking daydream to reality in adverts?

　　A.The product.

　　B.Estivalia.

　　C.Pictures.

　　D.Happy and glamorous people.

　　4.Why does the consumer accept the daydream in adverts?

　　A.Because the consumer enjoys a “future endlessly deferred.”

　　B.Because the consumer gives up trying to make his dream come true.

　　C.Because the utopia is visualized in adverts.

　　D.Because his purchased of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement.

　　5.What is this passage mainly concerned with?

　　A.Many adverts can be read literally.

　　B.Everyone has a daydream.

　　C.Many adverts function on the level of the daydream.

　　D.Many adverts are deceitful because they can not make good their promises.

　　答案：DABAC