A) was strengthened

　　B) was not affected

　　C) was altered

　　D) was weakened

　　12. According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to ________.

　　A) try to control unpleasant stimuli

　　B) turn off the electricity

　　C) behave passively in controllable situations

　　D) become abnormally suspicious

　　13. The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that ________.

　　A) they disliked its taste

　　B) it affected their immune systems

　　C) it led to stomach pains

　　D) they associated it with stomachaches

　　14. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that ________.

　　A) they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin

　　B) the sweetener was poisonous to them

　　C) their immune systems had been altered by the mind

　　D) they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning

　　15. It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals ________.

　　A) can be weakened by conditioning

　　B) can be suppressed by drug injections

　　C) can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin

　　D) can be altered by electric shocks

　　參考答案：BCDCA

　　The "standard of living" of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country's standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as transport and entertainment.

　　A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a country's natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U. S. A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources within her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy.

　　Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U. S. A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons was. unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a country's people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled. Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.

　　1. A country's wealth depends upon______. ,

　　A. its standard of living

　　B. its money

　　C. its ability to provide goods and services

　　D. its ability to provide transport and entertainment

　　2. The word "foremost" means______.

　　A. most importantly B. firstly

　　C. largely D. for the most part

　　3. The main idea of the second paragraph is that______.

　　A. a country's wealth depends on many factors

　　B. the U. S. A. is one of the wealthiest countries in the world

　　C. the Sahara Desert is a very poor region

　　D. natural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a country

　　4. The third paragraph mentions some of the advantages which one country may have over another in making use of its resources. How many such advantages are mentioned in this paragraph?

　　A. 2 B. 3

　　C. 4 D. 5

　　參考答案：1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B