英語六級閱讀理解練習附詳解:社會文化
[1]/[2]就在幾十年前,對于普通大眾和社會學家而言,現代社會“明顯地”改變了人們的自然關系,使他們的親情、鄰里觀念變得淡薄,取而代之的是彼此之間萍水相逢的表面關系。然而,最近幾年,越來越多的研究表明,那些“明顯”的事情并不是真實。真實似乎是,如果你居住在城市里,那么你認識的鄰居就必定會比你住在小社區里認識的少。但是,這個事實在多數情形下沒有什么意義。如果你認識的鄰居少,也不一定就意味著你不認識別的人。
即使在是都市,人們仍保持在小范圍的、私人的社交圈子里密切往來。事實上,在城市化多些或少些的居民之間,有意義的人際關系的數目和質量都沒有什么區別。小鎮居民比大城市居民更愿意同親戚走動。但是城里人通過結交志趣相投的朋友彌補了這個缺憾。城市化可能會產生不同的生活方式,但是城鎮之間的生活質量并無差別。大城市居民也不見得就比小社區居民更容易呈現出緊張或陌生感,即沒有歸屬感等心理癥狀。但是,城市居民確實對犯罪行為更為擔心,這使他們不信任陌生人。
這些發現并不是說城市化沒有造成影響或造成的影響很小。[3]如果鄰里之間互不相識,他們就不大會清掃隔壁老夫婦門前的過道,也不會幫忙照看一下小搗蛋。此外,正像沃斯說的那樣,社區的人口規模同其成員的社交多樣性大有關系。比如,社會學家發現,有很多證據表明社區的大小同賭博、吸毒等惡習的多寡有關。相對于小鎮居民,[4]大城市的居民比小城鎮的居民見多識廣,對傳統的親情角色承擔更小的責任,更有可能投票選舉左翼政黨候選人,對非傳統的宗教團體、不得人心的政團組織或所謂的討人嫌者更能容忍。通盤考慮,多樣性和不同尋常的舉止是巨大的人口規模造成的。
1. Which of the following statements bestdescribes the organization of the firstparagraph?
A) Two contrasting views are presented.
B) An argument is examined and possible solutionsgiven.
C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D) A detailed description of the difference between urban arid small-town life is given.
2. According co the passage, it was once a common belief chai urbanresidents____________.
A) did not have the same interests as their neighbors
B) could not develop long-standing relationships
C) tended to be associated with bad behavior
D) usually had more friends
3. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships amongneighbors______.
A) disrupt people's natural relations
B) make them worry about crime
C) cause them not to show concern for one another
D) cause them !o be suspicious of each other
4. I can be inferred from the passage that che bigger a community is_____________.
A) the better its quality of life
B) the more similar its interests
C) the more tolerant it is
D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
5. What is che passage mainly about?
A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small town dwellers.
B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D) The strong feeling of' alienation of city inhabitants.