Divorce didn't reduce symptoms of depression, raise self-esteem or increase sense ofmastery compared withthose who stayed married, the report says.

　　Results were controlled for factors including race, age, gender and income. Staying married didnot tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships. What helped the unhappymarried turn things around? To supplement the formal study data, the research team askedprofessional firms to recruit focus groups totaling 55 adults who were "marriage survivors".All had moved from unhappy to happy marriages. These 55 once-discontented married felttheir unions got better via one of three routes, the report says:

　　Marital endurance. "Wich time, job situations improved, children got older or better. orchronic ongoing problems got put into new perspective." Partners did not work on theirmarriages.

　　Marital work. Spouses actively worked "to solve problems, change behavior of improvecommunication".

　　Personal change. Partners found "alternative ways to improve their own happiness and build agood and happy life despite a mediocre marriage." In effect the unhappy partner changed.

　　離婚不一定使成年人快樂，而一項新的研究認為忍受不快樂的婚姻直到它出現轉機，可能使人快樂。

　　該研究從一個全國性的數據庫中選出配偶，分為快樂型和不快樂型。在離婚的不快樂型伴侶中，約有半數的人5年后變得快樂了。[1]但堅持不離婚的不快樂型配偶往往情況更佳，5年后約有三分之二的人變得快樂了。家庭問題智囊機構美國價值觀研究所的戴維·布蘭肯霍說，研究結果與看似常理的觀點不一致。該研究所協助為一個設在芝加哥大學的研究小組提供贊助。[2]研究結果將在弗吉尼亞州阿靈頓市召開的“智慧婚姻”會議上宣讀，這次會議由婚姻、家庭、夫妻教育聯盟贊助舉辦。

　　這項研究考察了從全國家庭和家務調查中選出的5232位已婚成人的資料，其中645人生活得不快樂。[3]人們對全國抽樣的這些成年人進行了13項心理健康指標分析。5年中，過得不快樂的人中有l67人離婚或分居，478人維持婚姻。

　　研究報告指出，與維持婚姻的人相比，離婚的人并沒有減輕他們的抑郁癥狀、提高自信，或增強自我把握的意識。研究結果針對種族、年齡、性別、收入等因素進行了調整。維持婚姻不一定必然使不快樂的夫妻陷入惡化的關系。是什么促使不快樂的婚姻出現轉機呢?為補充正式的研究數據，研究小組請求專業公司征集了共55名“婚姻幸存者”組成重點研究小組。這些人都經歷了從不快樂婚姻到快樂婚姻的過程。研究報告顯示，這55名曾對婚姻不滿的人覺得他們婚姻的改善得益于以下3種途徑之一：

　　[5]婚姻盡顯耐力。“隨著時間流逝，就業狀況好轉，孩子們長大成人或更聽話，可以從新的角度看待長期存在的問題了。”夫妻雙方不曾著力去改善他們的婚姻。

　　婚姻建設。夫妻雙方積極行動“以解決問題。改變自身行為舉止或增進交流”。

　　個人變化。夫妻雙方找到“其他途徑來提升自身的快樂、創造美好快樂的生活，盡管他們的婚姻勉強湊合”。實際上，不快樂的配偶發生了變化。

　　1. According to David Blankenhorn. peoplecommonly believe that________.

　　A) divorce is a better solution to an unhappymarriage than staying together

　　B) divorce is not necessarily the only solution to anunhappy marriage

　　C) keeping an unhappy marriage needs much courage and endurance

　　D) to end an unhappy marriage or not is a tough decision for the spouses

　　2. Which of the following is true about the research under discussion?

　　A) It was conducted by che Institute for the American Values headed by David Blankenhorn.

　　B) It was sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families and Couples Education.

　　C) Its subjects were chosen from a national database based at the University of Chicago.

　　D) Its report will be included in the schedule of the "Smart Marriage"conference.

　　3. The 13 measures of psychological well-being are used to_______.

　　A) serve as the standards for choosing the subjects of the research

　　B) serve as the ways to help adults to get over their unhappy marriage

　　C) examine all the 5232 married adults

　　D) examine all the adults in the database

　　4. The author's attitude towards divorce may best be described as ________".

　　A) critical

　　B) impersonal

　　C) arbitrary

　　D) scornful

　　5. According to the report, chose unhappily-wedded may not survive their marriageby_______.

　　A) waiting for the living conditions to get improved

　　B) achieving children’s understanding

　　C) changing their own attitude towards mediocre marriages

　　D) working on their problems and strengthening communication