英語六級閱讀例句附詳解:文化研究
[1]研究者如果對其研究的文化群體或種群不熟悉,那么,他們就要特別注意,不要帶上來自其自身文化的任何偏見。比如,他們一定要確保他們所設(shè)計的研究方案對于他們所研究的每一個少數(shù)文化群體或者少數(shù)民族群體都是有意義的。
在從事對少數(shù)文化群體或者少數(shù)民族群體問題的研究過程中,調(diào)查研究人員會區(qū)分兩種研究方法,即文化主位研究法和文化客位研究法。[2]/[3]文化主位研究法的目的是,用對于所描述的文化群體或種群的人民來說具有意義和價值的方式來描述某個文化群體或種群的行為,而不用顧及其他文化群體或種群。[4]文化客位研究法的目的則是通過描述某些行為,從而做出可以普遍適用于不同文化的推論。如果研究者用文化主位研究法設(shè)計一套調(diào)查問卷,他們關(guān)注的只是所提問題要對所研究的特定文化群體或種群有意義。然而,如果研究者用文化客位研究法設(shè)計一套調(diào)查問卷,他們希望采用的問題能反映出所有相關(guān)文化都熟悉的概念。
文化主位研究法和文化客位研究法在對家庭變化過程的研究中會怎樣反映出來呢?在文化主位研究法中,研究者可能會選擇只集中研究白人中產(chǎn)階級家庭,而不管這種研究所得到的資料是否可以推廣到少數(shù)種群,或者這樣的資料對少數(shù)種群是否合適。在后續(xù)的研究中,研究者可能決定采用文化客位研究法,不僅研究白人中產(chǎn)階級家庭,還要研究白低收入家庭、美國黑人家庭、美國西班牙裔家庭以及美國亞洲裔家庭。在少數(shù)種群家庭中,擴大家庭常常是一種支撐系統(tǒng)。如果是這樣的話,文化主位研究法所提示的家庭成員的互動模式就會與文化客位研究法所提示的模式不一樣,從而證明,對白人中產(chǎn)階級家庭的研究結(jié)論并不總是可以普遍適用于所有的種族群體。
1. According to the First paragraph.researchersunfamiliar with the target cultures are inclinedto________________.
A) be overcautious in constructing meaningfulmeasures
B) view them from their own cultural perspective
C) guard against interference from their own culture
D) accept readily what is alien to their own culture
2. What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach'?
A) They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.
B) The former is biased while the latter is objective.
C) The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.
D) They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.
3. Compared with the etic approach the emic approach is apparentlymore______________.
A) culturally interactive
B) culture-oriented
C) culturally biased
D) culture-specific
4. The etic approach is concerned with________________.
A) the general characteristics of minority families
B) culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groups
C) features shared by various cultures or ethnic groups
D) the economic conditions of different types of families
5. Which of the following js true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. according tothe passage'?
A) Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.
B) Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.
C) They don't interact with each other so much as White families.
D) They have closer family ties than White families.