英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)附詳解:氣候研究
The northward shift of the sun also brings the season of tropical cyclones to the northernhemisphere, a season that is ending for the Pacific and India Oceans south of the equator.Along our coasts and those of Asia. it is time to look seaward. to guard against the season'sstorms. Over the Pacific, the tropical cyclone season is never quite over. but varies inintensity. Every year. conditions east of the Philippines send a score of violent storms howlingtoward Asia, but it is worst from June through October. Southwest of Mexico. a few Pacifichurricanes will grow during spring and summer. but most will die at sea or perish over thedesert or the lower California coast as squalls.
Along our Atlantic and Gulf coasts. the hurricane season is from June to November. In anaverage year, there are fewer than ten tropical cyclones and six of them will develop intohurricanes. These will kill 50 to 100 persons between Texas and Maine and cause propertydamage of more than $100 million. If the year is worse than average, we will suffer severalhundred deaths,and property damage will run to billions of dollars.
Tornadoes, floods, and severe storms are in season elsewhere on the continent. Now, to thesedestructive forces must be added the hazard of the hurricane. From the National HurricaneCenter in Miami. a radar fence reaches westward to Texas and northward to New England. Itprovides a 200-mile look into offshore disturbances. In Maryland. che giant computers of theNational Meteorological Center digest the myriad bits of data-atmospheric pressure,temperature, humidity, surface winds. and winds aloft-received from weather stations andships monitoring the atmospheric setting each hour, every day. Cloud photographs fromspacecraft orbiting the earth are received in Maryland and are studied for che telltale spiral onthe warming sea. The crew of United States aircraft over the Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, andAtlantic watch the sky and wait for the storm that will bear a person's name. The machinery ofearly warning vibrates with new urgency as the season of great storms begins.
[1]太陽(yáng)直射光線(xiàn)接近赤道并向北回歸線(xiàn)移動(dòng)。南半球冬季開(kāi)始了,而赤道北面則是夏季。海洋和天空變得溫暖,冬天的極地氣團(tuán)開(kāi)始逐漸減弱。
[1]太陽(yáng)北移也為北半球帶來(lái)了熱帶氣旋季節(jié),而太平洋和印度洋的赤道以南部分卻是這個(gè)季節(jié)的結(jié)束。沿著我國(guó)和亞洲的海岸,又到了監(jiān)視海洋、提防夏季暴風(fēng)的時(shí)候了。[2]在整個(gè)太平洋上空熱帶氣旋季節(jié)從來(lái)就不會(huì)完全過(guò)去,只是強(qiáng)度會(huì)有所不同。每年菲律賓東部一帶會(huì)生成20個(gè)暴風(fēng)咆哮刮向亞洲,但從6月直到整個(gè)10月是最糟糕的日子。[2]/[3]在墨西哥西南部,春季和夏季會(huì)生成幾個(gè)太平洋颶風(fēng),但是大多數(shù)會(huì)在海上消亡,或者成為暴風(fēng)雨而在沙漠的上空或加利福尼亞南部海岸消逝。
在我國(guó)的太西洋和海灣沿岸,颼風(fēng)季節(jié)從6月到11月。在一般的年份,熱帶氣旋少于10個(gè),有6個(gè)會(huì)發(fā)展成颶風(fēng)。從得克薩斯州到緬因州,這些颶風(fēng)令導(dǎo)致50到100人喪生,造成超過(guò)1億美元的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。如果是比一般年份更糟,就會(huì)有幾百人喪生和高達(dá)幾十億美元的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。
此時(shí)大陸的其他地方正是龍卷風(fēng)、洪水和猛烈暴風(fēng)的季節(jié)。現(xiàn)在,除了這些破壞性的天氣以外,還得加上颶風(fēng)的危險(xiǎn)。[4]在邁阿密的國(guó)家颶風(fēng)中心,西至得克薩斯州,北至新英格蘭建起了一道雷達(dá)防護(hù)欄。它可以對(duì)離岸200英里的大氣擾動(dòng)進(jìn)行監(jiān)視。在馬里蘭州,國(guó)家氣象中心巨型計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)巨量的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理,這些數(shù)據(jù)包括從每時(shí)每日監(jiān)測(cè)著大氣狀況的各個(gè)氣象觀測(cè)站臺(tái)和觀測(cè)船只接收到的大氣壓力、溫度、濕度、表面風(fēng)和高空風(fēng)等等數(shù)據(jù)。馬里蘭州還接收從在地球軌道飛行的太空船發(fā)回的云圖,研究在溫暖海洋上空的那些先兆性氣旋。在墨西哥灣、加勒比海和大西洋上空飛行的美國(guó)飛機(jī)上的機(jī)務(wù)人員監(jiān)視著無(wú)空,等待著以一個(gè)人的名字書(shū)名的暴風(fēng)到來(lái)。隨著巨大暴風(fēng)季節(jié)的開(kāi)始,早期預(yù)警機(jī)制會(huì)對(duì)新的緊急狀況迅速發(fā)出警報(bào)。
1.The cyclone season of the Southernhemisphere__________________.
A) is brought by the polar air of winter
B) ends when winter comes to the Southernhemisphere
C) virtually lasts throughout the year
D) begins when the sun rays strike the Tropic of Cancer
2.What is true about the storms howling towards Asia?
A) They originate over the Pacific.
B) They influence Southeast Asia most violently.
C) They mainly grow during spring and summer.
D) They usually perish off coast.
3.When the Pacific hurricanes reach the lower California. most of themwill_____________.
A) reduce their intensity
B) increase their intensity
C) cause much property damage
D) result in great rain and floods
4.What can we leam about the National Hurricane Center in Miami?
A) It mainly provides protection against hurricanes to Texas and New England.
B) It warns the whole country against tornadoes, severe storms and hurricanes.
C) It consists of radars along the coast of the west and the north of U.S.
D) It supervises the coastal areas stretching from Texas to New England.
5.The passage discusses most clearly about_______________.
A) the factors that cause hurricanes
B) the most risky areas that suffer hurricanes
C) the early warning system against hurricanes
D) the remedies for property damage by hurricanes
1.南半球的熱帶氣旋季節(jié)_________________。
A)是由冬季的極地空氣所帶來(lái)的
B)在南半球冬季到來(lái)的時(shí)候就結(jié)束了
C)實(shí)際上全年都存在
D)在太陽(yáng)光照射到北回歸線(xiàn)的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始了
[B]從首段和第2段首句的描述可以知道,南北半球的氣候相反,當(dāng)南半球進(jìn)入冬季、熱帶氣旋季節(jié)結(jié)束的時(shí)候,北半球卻是夏季、熱帶氣旋季節(jié)開(kāi)始的時(shí)候,辨清了這些事實(shí),就不難判斷選項(xiàng)B為本題答案。
2.下列關(guān)于刮向亞洲的風(fēng)暴的說(shuō)法那一點(diǎn)是正確的?
A)風(fēng)暴產(chǎn)生干太平洋。
B)風(fēng)暴對(duì)于東南亞的影響最巨大。
C)風(fēng)暴主要在春夏兩季產(chǎn)生。
D)風(fēng)暴通常在海岸邊上消亡。
[A]第2段第3-5句說(shuō)的是太平洋沿岸熱帶氣旋的形成和影響,而且,如果稍有地理知識(shí)的話(huà),就知道菲律賓東部也在太平洋上,結(jié)合第3、4句的內(nèi)容就可以推斷選項(xiàng)A為正確的說(shuō)法。選項(xiàng)B沒(méi)有原文依據(jù);選項(xiàng)C和D都是第2段第5句提到的內(nèi)容,是關(guān)于墨西哥西南部的颼風(fēng)的,與亞洲的暴風(fēng)無(wú)關(guān)。
4.對(duì)于邁阿密的國(guó)家颼風(fēng)中心,我們了解到什么情況?
A)該中心主要為得克薩斯州和新英格蘭地區(qū)遭颶風(fēng)襲擊時(shí)提供保護(hù)。
B)該中心對(duì)于龍卷鳳,強(qiáng)烈暴風(fēng)和颶風(fēng)提出全國(guó)警報(bào)。
C)該中心在美國(guó)的西部和北部海岸都設(shè)有雷達(dá)。
D)該中心管理從得克薩斯到新英格蘭的海岸地區(qū)。
[D]從末段第3句可以知道國(guó)家颶風(fēng)中心的監(jiān)測(cè)范圍,第4句指出國(guó)家颶風(fēng)中心主要監(jiān)測(cè)的是海面的情況,結(jié)合這兩句,即可知道選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A所表示的范圍過(guò)小了,而選項(xiàng)B正好相反,范圍過(guò)大;選項(xiàng)C中的thewest and the north of U.S.(美國(guó)的西部和北部)與原文的westward to Texas and northward toNew England所指的地點(diǎn)是不同的。
5.文章最清晰的討論點(diǎn)是____。
A)導(dǎo)致颶風(fēng)的因素
B)受颼風(fēng)危害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最大的地區(qū)
C)對(duì)于颼風(fēng)的早期預(yù)警機(jī)制
D)解決由颶風(fēng)造成的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失的方法
[C]末段提到了國(guó)家颶風(fēng)中心和國(guó)家氣象中心,說(shuō)明了美國(guó)為了預(yù)警颶風(fēng)所采取的措施,由此可見(jiàn),選項(xiàng)C在文中是有清楚說(shuō)明的。