英語六級閱讀理解附詳解:地理環境
That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. Africa and South America. for example. aremoving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. Thecomplementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean arereminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the platescarrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate withrespect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’s interior.It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions orwhether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots. anchoredin the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve thequestion. From an analysis of the hot-spot population it appears that the African plate isstationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
The significance of hot spots is not confined lo their role as a frame of reference. It nowappears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes chat propelthe plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot. thematerial rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops deepfissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of thesefissures, so that the hoc spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earliertheories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain theirmutability (inconstancy).
地球上散布著100多個互不相連的發生火山運動的小地區,地質學家稱之為熱點。同世界上絕大多數火山不同,它們通常并不位于構成地表的各個大漂移板塊的交接地帶。相反,其中很多位于板塊內部的深處。大多數熱點只能緩慢移動。在某些情形下,板塊移動經過熱點留下死必山的痕跡。這些熱點及其火山痕跡是記錄著板塊移動的標志。
[2]板塊移動是不爭的事實。比如非洲和南美,隨著新的物質注入它們之間的大海海底,它們彼此向反方向移動。[3]兩大洲海岸線所具有的互補的特征以及某些似乎跨越大洋的地質特點使人想到兩大洲曾經連接在一起。兩大洲所在板塊的相對移動已經被詳細地構建出來。但是一個板塊相對于另外一個板塊的運動不能被順理成章地解釋成它相對于地球內部的運動。人們無法判斷兩個大洲是一起反方向移動,還是一個大洲不動,另一個大洲向相反方向移開。存在于地球更深層的熱點提供了解決這個問題的測量工具。人們對熱點總體的分析表明非洲板塊是靜止的,它在過去的3000萬年里沒有移動過。
“熱點”的意義不只局限于它們所起的參照作用,現在看來,它們好像還對推動板塊在地球表面漂移這一地球物理過程產生重要影響。當大陸板塊漂移到熱點上方并停留時,從地層深處涌出的物質使板塊凸出,形成一個大的圓丘。圓丘不斷增大,并且出現許多裂紋,至少有若干次,大陸板塊沿其中的一些裂紋完全斷開,[4]因此.熱點引發了新海洋的形成。正如早期理論解釋了大陸的移動性,熱點理論可以解釋它們的可變性(非穩定性)。
1.We can learn from che first paragraph that_____________.
A. there are no volcanic activities on hoc spots
B. most hoc spots are located in the inner part of a plate
C. hot spots usually lie. at che boundaries of drifting plates;
D. the passage of plates through hot spots will leave dead volcanoes
2.The author believes that_____________.
A) the motion of the plates corresponds to thar of the earth's interior
B) the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true
C) the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
D) the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart
3.That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that_________.
A) the two continents are still moving in opposite directions
B) they have been found to share certain geological features
C) the African plate has been stable for 30 million years
D) over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe
4.The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining__________.
A) the structure of the African plates.
B) the revival of dead volcanoes.
C) the mobility of the continents.
D) the formation of new oceans.
5.The passage is mainly about______________.
A) the features of volcanic activities
B) the importance of the theory about drifting plates
C) the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
D) the process of the formation of volcanoes
1.從文章第一段我們可以知道,_____________。
A)在熱點沒有火山活動
B)大多數的熱點位于板塊內部
C)熱點通常位于漂移板塊的邊界處
D)板塊經過熱點后會留下死火山
[B]根據題干直接查找到第1段。第2句第2個分句提到“其中很多位于板塊內部的深處”,而表達同樣含義的是B選項。該段第1句指出,這些互不相連、發生火山運動的小地區,地質學家稱之為熱點,可見A項錯誤。選項C與第2句第1個分句的內容相反。倒數第2句提到“在某些情形下,板塊移動經過熱點留下死火山的痕跡”,即不是所有板塊移動都會留下死火山的痕跡,故D錯。
2.作者相信______________。
A)板塊運動與地球內部是一致的
B)若干漂移板塊的地質學理論被證明是正確的
C)熱點與板塊向相反方向緩慢移動
D)熱點的移動證明了大陸在相互遠離
[B]文章第2段的開頭指出That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute。beyond dispute意為“毋庸置疑”,故答案選B項。從第2段第4句的“但是一個板塊相對于另外一個板塊的運動不能被順理成章地解釋成板塊與它相對于地球內部的運動”,可排除A項。
3.可以從_________________的事實,推斷非洲和南美洲曾經是連接在一起的。
A)兩個洲仍然向相反方向移動
B)人們發現兩個洲擁有某些共同的地質特征
B)非洲板塊3千萬年來一直保持穩定
D)超過100個熱點散步在全球
[B]從第2段的第3句可知,非洲和南美洲曾經連接在一起的證據有兩個——海岸線所具有的互補的特征(complementary coastlines)及某些地質特點(certain geological features)。B項符合后者,故為正確答案。
4.熱點理論可能在解釋___________時被證明是有用的。
A)非洲板塊的結構
B)死火山的復活
C)大洲的可動性
D)新海洋的形戒
[D]關于hot spot theory的作用,除了第2段提到的參照作用外,第3段論及的另一個重要作用在于它能夠推動扳塊在地球表面漂移(propel the plates across the globe),從而引發了新海洋的形成(initiates theformation of a new ocean)。故答案選D項。
5.文章主要是關于_______________。
A)火山活動的特征
B)漂移板塊理論的重要性
C)熱點在地理物理學研究中的意義
D)火山形成的過程
[C]全文三個段落主要是圍繞“熱點對于地球物理學研究的意義”而展開的。故答案選C項。全篇共三段,第l段講的是hot spots的定義與分布,第2段講hot spots在大陸板塊移動中的參照作用,第3段講hot spots引起新海洋形成的地球物理意義。