英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀題破解方案：推測(cè)全文 抓住關(guān)鍵詞
時(shí)間：
未知2
閱讀理解
六級(jí)閱讀由10%的快讀閱讀，5%的簡(jiǎn)答題和20%的深度閱讀構(gòu)成，而深度閱讀是六級(jí)考試重心之一，包括兩篇文章，做題時(shí)間為20分鐘左右，最多不能超過(guò)25分鐘，否則會(huì)影響六級(jí)考試其它題型解答的時(shí)間。
考生在面對(duì)六級(jí)閱讀詞匯量大、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、題材多樣化這樣的難題時(shí)，如何能準(zhǔn)確解答關(guān)鍵在于兩點(diǎn)：一是如何在閱讀過(guò)程中準(zhǔn)確在文中標(biāo)記出需要查找的內(nèi)容的具體位置;二是如何在閱讀完題干之后能迅速在文中根據(jù)記憶或者閱讀時(shí)的標(biāo)注找出相關(guān)內(nèi)容。如果第一方面做的很好能大大減少第二步所花的時(shí)間。
六級(jí)深度閱讀以議論性的文章為主，文章脈絡(luò)清晰、整體框架明確。而且，議論性的文章并不一定要100%全部讀懂，沒(méi)有必要把每一句話的意思都弄清楚，把每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都掌握。4-5個(gè)問(wèn)題不可能覆蓋文章中每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)、每一句話。解題過(guò)程中，只要找到答案，因此六級(jí)閱讀的解題過(guò)程中，通常采用的解題方法是——
(1)瀏覽題目，推測(cè)全文主題
閱讀理解的五道題目之間通常都會(huì)有隱含的邏輯聯(lián)系，所以通過(guò)第一遍的初步瀏覽，有助于把握文章所談?wù)摰闹黝}，作出簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)想和推測(cè)。如
1. The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”.
2. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because________.
4. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because________.
5. We can infer from this passage that________.
第1、5題分別為猜詞題和推論題，沒(méi)有提供任何信息。不過(guò)第2、3、4題都提到了bad breath (難聞的口氣，口臭)，因此文章談?wù)摰闹黝}就非常清晰，對(duì)于后面的理解和解題會(huì)有幫助。
(2)判斷題型，確定題干關(guān)鍵詞
六級(jí)的深度閱讀主要考查主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、猜詞題、推論題和態(tài)度題等五種題型，重點(diǎn)考查細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題的關(guān)鍵詞主要有三類(1)顯性關(guān)鍵詞：大寫、數(shù)字、連字符單詞、序數(shù)詞等;(2)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞;(3)核心名詞和生詞。這一步對(duì)于接下來(lái)的瀏覽文章圈定關(guān)鍵詞至關(guān)重要。
(3)跳讀文章，尋找關(guān)鍵詞
瀏覽文章切忌試圖弄懂文中的每一個(gè)單詞。如果逐句翻譯會(huì)影響做題的速度，而且會(huì)忽略各題區(qū)域的尋找。跳讀的目的是要整體把握一下文章脈絡(luò)，找到每道題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，從而可以確定每道題目答案的所在位置。答案在文中一般情況都是依次而下順序出現(xiàn)。
(4)理解區(qū)域，排除干擾項(xiàng)
根據(jù)第三步尋找的區(qū)域，進(jìn)行深度的翻譯和理解，比較選項(xiàng)與文章的信息，注意選項(xiàng)的同義改寫、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換，同時(shí)要當(dāng)心偷換概念、以偏概全等陷阱，依據(jù)選項(xiàng)一般不過(guò)于絕對(duì)(如出現(xiàn)never, only, all)等原理，排除干擾項(xiàng)，最終確定答案。
Passage One
For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龜) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龜) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.
But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.
Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles.
Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龍) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
A.human activities have changed the way turtles survive
B.efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out
C.government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles’ extinction
D.marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles’ reproduction
2. What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Line 1, Para. 2)?
A.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.
B.Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.
C.The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.
D.The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.
3. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?
A.Their inadequate food supply.
B.Unregulated commercial fishing.
C.Their lower reproductively ability.
D.Contamination of sea water
4. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?
A.It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.
B.The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.
C.The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.
D.It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.
5. The last sentence of the passage is meant to ________.
A.persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles
B.stress that even the most ugly species should be protected
C.call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival
D.warn our descendants about the extinction of species
考生在面對(duì)六級(jí)閱讀詞匯量大、句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、題材多樣化這樣的難題時(shí)，如何能準(zhǔn)確解答關(guān)鍵在于兩點(diǎn)：一是如何在閱讀過(guò)程中準(zhǔn)確在文中標(biāo)記出需要查找的內(nèi)容的具體位置;二是如何在閱讀完題干之后能迅速在文中根據(jù)記憶或者閱讀時(shí)的標(biāo)注找出相關(guān)內(nèi)容。如果第一方面做的很好能大大減少第二步所花的時(shí)間。
六級(jí)深度閱讀以議論性的文章為主，文章脈絡(luò)清晰、整體框架明確。而且，議論性的文章并不一定要100%全部讀懂，沒(méi)有必要把每一句話的意思都弄清楚，把每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)都掌握。4-5個(gè)問(wèn)題不可能覆蓋文章中每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)、每一句話。解題過(guò)程中，只要找到答案，因此六級(jí)閱讀的解題過(guò)程中，通常采用的解題方法是——
(1)瀏覽題目，推測(cè)全文主題
閱讀理解的五道題目之間通常都會(huì)有隱含的邏輯聯(lián)系，所以通過(guò)第一遍的初步瀏覽，有助于把握文章所談?wù)摰闹黝}，作出簡(jiǎn)單設(shè)想和推測(cè)。如
1. The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”.
2. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because________.
4. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because________.
5. We can infer from this passage that________.
第1、5題分別為猜詞題和推論題，沒(méi)有提供任何信息。不過(guò)第2、3、4題都提到了bad breath (難聞的口氣，口臭)，因此文章談?wù)摰闹黝}就非常清晰，對(duì)于后面的理解和解題會(huì)有幫助。
(2)判斷題型，確定題干關(guān)鍵詞
六級(jí)的深度閱讀主要考查主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、猜詞題、推論題和態(tài)度題等五種題型，重點(diǎn)考查細(xì)節(jié)題。細(xì)節(jié)題的關(guān)鍵詞主要有三類(1)顯性關(guān)鍵詞：大寫、數(shù)字、連字符單詞、序數(shù)詞等;(2)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞;(3)核心名詞和生詞。這一步對(duì)于接下來(lái)的瀏覽文章圈定關(guān)鍵詞至關(guān)重要。
(3)跳讀文章，尋找關(guān)鍵詞
瀏覽文章切忌試圖弄懂文中的每一個(gè)單詞。如果逐句翻譯會(huì)影響做題的速度，而且會(huì)忽略各題區(qū)域的尋找。跳讀的目的是要整體把握一下文章脈絡(luò)，找到每道題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，從而可以確定每道題目答案的所在位置。答案在文中一般情況都是依次而下順序出現(xiàn)。
(4)理解區(qū)域，排除干擾項(xiàng)
根據(jù)第三步尋找的區(qū)域，進(jìn)行深度的翻譯和理解，比較選項(xiàng)與文章的信息，注意選項(xiàng)的同義改寫、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換，同時(shí)要當(dāng)心偷換概念、以偏概全等陷阱，依據(jù)選項(xiàng)一般不過(guò)于絕對(duì)(如出現(xiàn)never, only, all)等原理，排除干擾項(xiàng)，最終確定答案。
Passage One
For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龜) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龜) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.
But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.
Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin. Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles.
Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龍) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.
1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
A.human activities have changed the way turtles survive
B.efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out
C.government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles’ extinction
D.marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles’ reproduction
2. What does the author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness” (Line 1, Para. 2)?
A.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.
B.Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.
C.The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.
D.The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.
3. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?
A.Their inadequate food supply.
B.Unregulated commercial fishing.
C.Their lower reproductively ability.
D.Contamination of sea water
4. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?
A.It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.
B.The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.
C.The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.
D.It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.
5. The last sentence of the passage is meant to ________.
A.persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles
B.stress that even the most ugly species should be protected
C.call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles’ survival
D.warn our descendants about the extinction of species