閱讀題型之詞匯題
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閱讀理解
六、詞匯題
詞匯題在很大程度上是根據上下文推測詞義的正確理解。常見的提問方式有：
The word“…”means——．
By“…”the author means_______.
對于生詞、難詞，作者一定會在上下文中進行解釋、說明或者用一個比較簡單的詞重復該詞，因此這類題并不難做。如：1 would like your candid opinion。direct and truthful．direct和truthful都是對candid的重復說明，可以推斷candid是坦誠的意思。又如：Tom is quite talkative．whereas his sister remains reticent all the time．whereas表示轉折，因此可以得出reticent是talkative的反義詞，“沉默寡言”之意。
而對于熟詞僻義的考題，應該推敲上下文，領會其意思，對本文做適當的引伸；有一個小技巧就是排除該單詞常見意義的選項，即對其不予考慮。
例如：
The lorry had been ordered to arrive at the rest- house at seven- thirty for loading, and by eight - thirty we thought we should be well on the road. It was very apparent that we were new to Africa. At ten o’clock we were pacing round and round our mountain of luggage on the veranda, cursing and fuming impatiently, scanning the road for the truant lorry. At eleven o’clock a cloud of dust appeared on the horizon and in its midst，like a beetle in a whirlwind。was the lorry．It screeched to a halt below，and the driver dismounted．
Q1．Pacing means_______.
A)running B)walking impatiently
C)counting our steps D)sitting
本題正確答案是B)。文章開頭談到車子未按預定時間到達這一事實，作者使用了should be這樣的虛擬語氣，說明了作者初來乍到，加上大堆行李，因此等得極不耐煩。在這一語境下，B)項的意義更確切。
Q2：Fuming means_______.
A)angry B)smoking
C)waiting D)laughing
本題正確答案是A)。由上文提示，等車等得不耐煩而導致生氣發怒，由此推斷，“fuming"的意思是“發怒的，生氣的”意思。
Q3：Scanning means______。
A)walking along B)standing beside
C)blaming D)looking at every part of
從這句話的上文和"scan for the lorry"這一短語可以判斷他們是在張望要等的貨車，故本題正確答案是D)。
Q4：Truant means_______．
A)that hadn’t turned up B)broken—down
C)old-fashioned D)dig
本題正確答案是A)。上文談到由于車子沒按預定時間到達而使他們長時間地等候，由此可推斷，“truant"意思是“還沒出現的”。
Q5：Screeched to a halt means_______.
A)crashed B)stopped slowIy
C)stopped with a loud noise D)drove up to the door
本題正確答案是C)。要知道這一短語的意思，就要弄清"screech"一詞的意思。聯系此句的上下文可判斷，車子尖叫著停了下來，此處是指突然剎車發出的聲音。
Q6：Dismounted means________．
A)got out B)took the engine to pieces
C)opened the door D)drove away again
本題正確答案是A)。上文已說明車停了，這一線索和該詞前綴dis(意為away)都給了我們猜測該詞義的提示。
詞匯題還包括了關于“it、they、one、that”等常見代詞的指代問題的題目。在六級里，無論代詞指代的是名詞還是句子，都會包含名詞在內，因此做這類題有一個小技巧就是找名詞，在it的前面一個句子里面去找最近的那一個名詞。比如：As families move away from their stable community，the informal flow of information is cut off。and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthyand reliable．
這里距it最近的名詞是the informal flow of information，可以知道it指代的句子一定與信息流動有關，而只有正確答案the breakdown of informal information channels中間包含非正式信息流的意思。
詞匯題在很大程度上是根據上下文推測詞義的正確理解。常見的提問方式有：
The word“…”means——．
By“…”the author means_______.
對于生詞、難詞，作者一定會在上下文中進行解釋、說明或者用一個比較簡單的詞重復該詞，因此這類題并不難做。如：1 would like your candid opinion。direct and truthful．direct和truthful都是對candid的重復說明，可以推斷candid是坦誠的意思。又如：Tom is quite talkative．whereas his sister remains reticent all the time．whereas表示轉折，因此可以得出reticent是talkative的反義詞，“沉默寡言”之意。
而對于熟詞僻義的考題，應該推敲上下文，領會其意思，對本文做適當的引伸；有一個小技巧就是排除該單詞常見意義的選項，即對其不予考慮。
例如：
The lorry had been ordered to arrive at the rest- house at seven- thirty for loading, and by eight - thirty we thought we should be well on the road. It was very apparent that we were new to Africa. At ten o’clock we were pacing round and round our mountain of luggage on the veranda, cursing and fuming impatiently, scanning the road for the truant lorry. At eleven o’clock a cloud of dust appeared on the horizon and in its midst，like a beetle in a whirlwind。was the lorry．It screeched to a halt below，and the driver dismounted．
Q1．Pacing means_______.
A)running B)walking impatiently
C)counting our steps D)sitting
本題正確答案是B)。文章開頭談到車子未按預定時間到達這一事實，作者使用了should be這樣的虛擬語氣，說明了作者初來乍到，加上大堆行李，因此等得極不耐煩。在這一語境下，B)項的意義更確切。
Q2：Fuming means_______.
A)angry B)smoking
C)waiting D)laughing
本題正確答案是A)。由上文提示，等車等得不耐煩而導致生氣發怒，由此推斷，“fuming"的意思是“發怒的，生氣的”意思。
Q3：Scanning means______。
A)walking along B)standing beside
C)blaming D)looking at every part of
從這句話的上文和"scan for the lorry"這一短語可以判斷他們是在張望要等的貨車，故本題正確答案是D)。
Q4：Truant means_______．
A)that hadn’t turned up B)broken—down
C)old-fashioned D)dig
本題正確答案是A)。上文談到由于車子沒按預定時間到達而使他們長時間地等候，由此可推斷，“truant"意思是“還沒出現的”。
Q5：Screeched to a halt means_______.
A)crashed B)stopped slowIy
C)stopped with a loud noise D)drove up to the door
本題正確答案是C)。要知道這一短語的意思，就要弄清"screech"一詞的意思。聯系此句的上下文可判斷，車子尖叫著停了下來，此處是指突然剎車發出的聲音。
Q6：Dismounted means________．
A)got out B)took the engine to pieces
C)opened the door D)drove away again
本題正確答案是A)。上文已說明車停了，這一線索和該詞前綴dis(意為away)都給了我們猜測該詞義的提示。
詞匯題還包括了關于“it、they、one、that”等常見代詞的指代問題的題目。在六級里，無論代詞指代的是名詞還是句子，都會包含名詞在內，因此做這類題有一個小技巧就是找名詞，在it的前面一個句子里面去找最近的那一個名詞。比如：As families move away from their stable community，the informal flow of information is cut off。and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthyand reliable．
這里距it最近的名詞是the informal flow of information，可以知道it指代的句子一定與信息流動有關，而只有正確答案the breakdown of informal information channels中間包含非正式信息流的意思。