閱讀題型之推斷題
時間：
未知2
閱讀理解
四、推斷題
主要的提問方式有：
It can be inferred from the passage that________．
1t is implied in the passage that_______．
It is implied but not stated：_______．
推斷題有一定的難度，在解決時要結合文章的主旨大意，從語篇層面上把握全文，同時要利用相關部分的背景知識，甚至常識推理。不能死摳字面意思，也不可以主觀臆斷，還有一點就是必須區分事實和觀點。
例如：
Dialectic in this sense of the word has no other aim but to reduce to a regular system and collect and exhibit the arts which most men employ when they observe in a dispute , that Ruth is not on their side, and still attempt to gain the day. Hence, it would be very inexpedient to pay any regard to objective troth or its advancement in the science of Dialectic, since this is not done in that original and natural Dialectic, innate in men, where they strive for nothing but victory. The science of Dialectic, in one sense of the word, is mainly concerned to tabulate and analyze dishonest stratagems, in order that in a real debate they may be at once recognized and defeated. It is for this very reason that Dialectic must admittedly take victory, and not objective truth, for its aim and purpose...
QI: In the context of the selection, "dialectic" most probably means
A)the search for truth
B) an objective attitude toward reality
C)a philosophic acceptance of deficit
D) a system of logical thinking rules
Q2: The term " inexpedient" ( sentence 2) is likely to mean
A)innocent B) wise C) impractical D) efficient
Q3: When the author claims that the science of dialectic enables a person to "analyze dishonest stratagems", the term "stratagem" seems to mean
A) statistics B)devices C)attitudes D)gestures
Q4: When he implies that the desire to win is" innate in men," the author means that the urge is
A)natural B)vicious C)wrong D) theoretical
Q1：在選文中，單詞dialectic的大意是：A)：對真理的探索；B)：對現實的客觀態度；C)：逆來順受；D)：辯證法的體系。根據上下文，正確答案應該是選項D)，其他選項都不對。
Q2：句子二中inexpedient一詞的含義是不便的，不明智的。所給的四個選項的意思分別是：A)：無故的；B)：明智的；C)：不現實的；D)：效率高的。從文章和句子中可以看出，正確答案是選項c)。其他選項都不對。
Q3：作者稱辯證法可以幫助一個人分析不誠實的“stratagems”。所給四個選項的意思分別是：A)：統計學；B)：工具；C)：態度；D)：手勢。在本文中stratagem應為“方式、方法、工具”之意，所以正確答案是選項B)，其他選項都不對。
Q4：當作者暗示說他想得到的是人的天性，作者指的這種驅動力是：A)：自然的；B)：邪惡的；C)：錯誤的；D)：理論的。考生可以從innate天生的，固有的，一詞推知答案是選項A)，其他選項都不對。
又如：1990年1月試題第31題
31 、It is implied that fifty years ago_______
A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories
B) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees
C)the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of individual workers
D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of the industrial workers
答案選D)。這是一道需要自己推斷結論的題，在文中沒有現成的答案。文章中提到約一百年前只有1／5的人受雇于人，50年前被雇傭意味著在工廠或農場當勞力，而今天只有1／5的人不受雇于人，而且今天的雇員中受過教育的中產階級的數目越來越大，由此推出50年前的雇員中知識分子的比例遠遠小于產業工人。
有的考生往往把推理題想得太難，于是就天馬行空地亂推，一般推一步就可以得到結論了，最多都不要推過兩層意思。
主要的提問方式有：
It can be inferred from the passage that________．
1t is implied in the passage that_______．
It is implied but not stated：_______．
推斷題有一定的難度，在解決時要結合文章的主旨大意，從語篇層面上把握全文，同時要利用相關部分的背景知識，甚至常識推理。不能死摳字面意思，也不可以主觀臆斷，還有一點就是必須區分事實和觀點。
例如：
Dialectic in this sense of the word has no other aim but to reduce to a regular system and collect and exhibit the arts which most men employ when they observe in a dispute , that Ruth is not on their side, and still attempt to gain the day. Hence, it would be very inexpedient to pay any regard to objective troth or its advancement in the science of Dialectic, since this is not done in that original and natural Dialectic, innate in men, where they strive for nothing but victory. The science of Dialectic, in one sense of the word, is mainly concerned to tabulate and analyze dishonest stratagems, in order that in a real debate they may be at once recognized and defeated. It is for this very reason that Dialectic must admittedly take victory, and not objective truth, for its aim and purpose...
QI: In the context of the selection, "dialectic" most probably means
A)the search for truth
B) an objective attitude toward reality
C)a philosophic acceptance of deficit
D) a system of logical thinking rules
Q2: The term " inexpedient" ( sentence 2) is likely to mean
A)innocent B) wise C) impractical D) efficient
Q3: When the author claims that the science of dialectic enables a person to "analyze dishonest stratagems", the term "stratagem" seems to mean
A) statistics B)devices C)attitudes D)gestures
Q4: When he implies that the desire to win is" innate in men," the author means that the urge is
A)natural B)vicious C)wrong D) theoretical
Q1：在選文中，單詞dialectic的大意是：A)：對真理的探索；B)：對現實的客觀態度；C)：逆來順受；D)：辯證法的體系。根據上下文，正確答案應該是選項D)，其他選項都不對。
Q2：句子二中inexpedient一詞的含義是不便的，不明智的。所給的四個選項的意思分別是：A)：無故的；B)：明智的；C)：不現實的；D)：效率高的。從文章和句子中可以看出，正確答案是選項c)。其他選項都不對。
Q3：作者稱辯證法可以幫助一個人分析不誠實的“stratagems”。所給四個選項的意思分別是：A)：統計學；B)：工具；C)：態度；D)：手勢。在本文中stratagem應為“方式、方法、工具”之意，所以正確答案是選項B)，其他選項都不對。
Q4：當作者暗示說他想得到的是人的天性，作者指的這種驅動力是：A)：自然的；B)：邪惡的；C)：錯誤的；D)：理論的。考生可以從innate天生的，固有的，一詞推知答案是選項A)，其他選項都不對。
又如：1990年1月試題第31題
31 、It is implied that fifty years ago_______
A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories
B) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees
C)the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of individual workers
D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of the industrial workers
答案選D)。這是一道需要自己推斷結論的題，在文中沒有現成的答案。文章中提到約一百年前只有1／5的人受雇于人，50年前被雇傭意味著在工廠或農場當勞力，而今天只有1／5的人不受雇于人，而且今天的雇員中受過教育的中產階級的數目越來越大，由此推出50年前的雇員中知識分子的比例遠遠小于產業工人。
有的考生往往把推理題想得太難，于是就天馬行空地亂推，一般推一步就可以得到結論了，最多都不要推過兩層意思。