In the first place, since the literature of television is transmitted simultaneously to millions of people, its creators are subject to limitations of theme, language, and style. In general, the wider the base of the audience, the greater the degree of restriction imposed on the creator, and no contemporary literary form has a more massive audience than television.

　　In the second place, the line that separates commercial interests from literary interests in television is less distinct than in most other literary forms. To be sure, the publisher of novels and the producer of stage plays are concerned with making money. But in television the advertiser, the man who pays the bill, is primarily concerned with the sale of a commercial product rather than an artistic one. At the same time, selling products and presenting high quality programs are not necessarily incompatible motives. There are, in fact, numerous examples of sponsors who have done both simultaneously.

　　We must remember, too, that the literature of television, unlike most types of literature, is highly ephemeral (短暫的) in character. At the moment, the libraries of television are its "reruns", but even so, a particular show must be seen at a specific time or it cannot be seen at all. As a result, studying or teaching about television presents certain problems not found in the study of other types of literature, except the legitimate stage.

　　21. Since the literature of television is sent out to millions of people at the same time, its creators are likely to have the following limitations EXCEPT_______.

　　A. subject

　　B. choice of words

　　C. the place where they transmit television program

　　D. expression by means of words

　　22. According to the author the creators of television have the greatest degree of restriction in theme, language, and style, this is because_______.

　　A. television has a large number of audiences

　　B. television can only last a short period of time

　　C. television combines commercial interests and literary interests

　　D. both A and B

　　23.The sentence " selling products and presenting high quality programs are not necessarily incompatible motives" could be paraphrased as_______.

　　A. the purposes of selling products and presenting high quality programs can be realized at the same time

　　B. the motives of selling products and presenting high quality programs can not be matched

　　C. selling products overweighs presenting high quality programs

　　D. presenting high quality programs overweighs selling products

　　24. Which of the following most correctly summarizes the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The limitations and resources of television.

　　B. The differences between television and other forms of literature.

　　C. Television has a more massive audience than other literary forms.

　　D. Television has a very short life.

　　25. This passage has probably been taken from a_______.

　　A. newspaper ad B. magazine

　　C. public speech D. book

　　21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. D

　　The radical transformation of the Soviet society had a profound impact on women's lives. Marxists had traditionally believed that both capitalism and the middle-class husbands exploited women. The Russian Revolution of 1917 immediately proclaimed complete equality of rights for women. In the 1920s divorce and abortion were made easily available, and women were urged to work outside the home and liberate themselves sexually. After Stalin came to power, sexual and familial liberation was played down, and the most lasting changes for women involved work and education.

　　These changes were truly revolutionary. Young women were constantly told that they had to be equal to men, that they could and should do everything men could do. Peasant women in Russia had long experienced the equality of backbreaking physical labor in the countryside, and they continued to enjoy that equality on collective farms. With the advent of the five-year-plans, millions of women also began to toil in factories and in heavy construction, building dams, roads and steel mills in summer heat and winter frost. Most of the opportunities open to men through education were also open to women. Determined women pursued their studies and entered the ranks of the better-paid specialists in industry and science. Medicine practically became a woman's profession. By 1950, 75 percent of doctors in the Soviet Union were women.

　　Thus Stalinist society gave woman great opportunities but demanded great sacrifices as well. The vast majority of women simply had to work outside the home. Wages were so law that it was almost impossible for a family or couple to live only on the husband's earnings. Moreover, the fun-time working woman had a heavy burden of household tasks in her off hours, for most Soviet men in the 1930s still considered the home and the children the woman's responsibility. Men continued to monopolize the best jobs. Finally, rapid change and economic hardship led to many broken families, creating further physical, emotional, and mental strains for women. In any event, the often-neglected human resource of women was mobilized in Stalinist society.

　　52. The main idea of this passage is that women in Stalinist society ______.

　　A) had economic opportunities that had never been available before

　　B) had difficulty balancing their work and family responsibilities

　　C) had new opportunities but also many hardships

　　D) moved quickly into the highest levels of government

　　53. In the last paragraph, "monopolize" probably means ______.

　　A) hold B) earn C) leave D) pay

　　54. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ______.

　　A) compare different systems of government

　　B) tell stories about women in Soviet Union

　　C) amuse the reader

　　D) provide information

　　55. The author's tone in this passage can best be described as ______.

　　A) disapproving B) emotional

　　C) objective D) sympathetic

　　56. We can conclude that the economic and social status of women in Stalinist society ______.

　　A) had been improved

　　B) was worse than before

　　C) had not Changed much

　　D) was better than that in capitalistic countries

　　52--56 CADCA

　　52.主旨題。文章第一段作者提出話題，蘇聯的根本性社會變革對女性的生活產生了深刻的影響。第二段作者描述了這些變化：女性獲得了參與各種工作和受教育的同等機會，甚至進入了一些專業領域。第三段作者指出，女性在獲得機會的同時電不得不付出巨大的代價。因此，縱觀全文，作者既寫到了變革帶給女性的機會，電提到了她們面對的困難。故正確答案為C項。

　　53.詞義推斷題。第三段作者陳述了變革后女性面對的各種困境。女性參與工作導致工資水平下降。這又反過來迫使她們不得不出去工作，補充丈夫的收入來養家，但女性還得同時兼顧家庭。除此之外，在工作方面，男性繼續壟斷了好的工作機會。因此，這里和“monopolize”意思最為接近的是“hold”，故答案為A項。

　　54.寫作目的題。結合第一題主旨題可以看出作者寫作此文不是為了娛樂讀者(選項C)，也不是在講故事(選項B)，更沒有比較不同的政府體制(選項A)，作者只陳述了蘇聯社會變革對女性的生活產生了深刻的影響，是屬于提供信息，故答案為D項。

　　55.文章基調(作者態度)題。作者既陳述了變革給女性帶來的機會，也寫到她們由此不得不做出的犧牲。因此，作者客觀地提供信息，文章基調是客觀的。故正確答案為C項。

　　56.推斷題。文章第二段指出變革賦予女性和男性平等的權利。她們可以從事同樣的工作，接受相同的教育，通過努力同樣進人專業領域。盡管第三段提到她們由此也不得不付出很大的代價，但我們可以推斷，和過去相比，女性的經濟和社會地位還是有所提高的。故正確答案為A項。