大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查
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對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查
如：
① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his
arguments in favor of the new theory。(2000。6)
a。 to be based on b。 to base on
c。 which to base on d。 on which to base
② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic， but it
also puts them under a constant emotional strain。
a。 to compete b。 competing
c。 to be competed d。 having competed
①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為d，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為a。在英語中有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means， way， time， moment， reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。
4) 做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：
① ______ the earth to be flat， many feared that columbus would fall off the edge of the earth。(1996。6)
a。 having believed b。 believing c。 believed d。 being believed
② _______ a teacher in a university， it is necessary to have at least a master‘s degree。(1995。1)
a。 to become b。 become c。 one becomes d。 on becoming
③ realizing that he hadn‘t enough money and ____ to borrow from his father， he decided to sell his watch。(1995。1)
a。 not wanted b。 no to want c。 not wanting d。 wanting not
④ ___ it or not， his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles。(1997。1)
a。 believe b。 to believe c。 believing d。 believed
從以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有：
(1)狀語類別的判斷
不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如②。
(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系
根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。
(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式
not否定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語動(dòng)詞之前，如③。
(4) 獨(dú)立成分
有些非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如：
generally speaking， judging from……， to tell the truth……， 等。
(5) 做補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
如：
① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his
arguments in favor of the new theory。(2000。6)
a。 to be based on b。 to base on
c。 which to base on d。 on which to base
② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic， but it
also puts them under a constant emotional strain。
a。 to compete b。 competing
c。 to be competed d。 having competed
①題為不定式做定語的固定形式，答案為d，②題為某些特定名詞的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為a。在英語中有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來的名詞，形容詞變來的名詞，以及means， way， time， moment， reason等要求其后用不定式做定語，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。
4) 做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇
做狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的選擇，如：
① ______ the earth to be flat， many feared that columbus would fall off the edge of the earth。(1996。6)
a。 having believed b。 believing c。 believed d。 being believed
② _______ a teacher in a university， it is necessary to have at least a master‘s degree。(1995。1)
a。 to become b。 become c。 one becomes d。 on becoming
③ realizing that he hadn‘t enough money and ____ to borrow from his father， he decided to sell his watch。(1995。1)
a。 not wanted b。 no to want c。 not wanting d。 wanting not
④ ___ it or not， his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles。(1997。1)
a。 believe b。 to believe c。 believing d。 believed
從以上各題來看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有：
(1)狀語類別的判斷
不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同，目的狀語要求用不定式，如②。
(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系
根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過去分詞。
(3)非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式
not否定非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語動(dòng)詞之前，如③。
(4) 獨(dú)立成分
有些非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語關(guān)系的限制，稱為獨(dú)立成分，這類成 分只記憶即可。如：
generally speaking， judging from……， to tell the truth……， 等。
(5) 做補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇